The Networks, Employment, Debt, Mobilities, and Skills in India Survey (NEEMSIS) is a longitudinal data set collected through a baseline survey conducted in 2010 and follow-up surveys since 2016 (2016–2017 and 2020–2021, thus far) among more than 600 households in rural Tamil Nadu, India. NEEMSIS aims to understand the links between labour, skills, financial practices, social and migration dynamics, and social network formation in India. The data set is useful in many ways: (a) the data can capture processes that are poorly measured by national surveys in developing countries; (b) compared with other microsurveys, NEEMSIS benefits from the coverage of a relatively large population; (c) the data cover a wide range of information on households and individuals; and (d) the longitudinal nature of NEEMSIS data means that it is possible to observe dynamics and changes over time.